POLITICAL_PHILOSOPHY_JUSTICE

Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau: how legitimate government originates.

Nature of political authority and legitimate rule.

Forms of democratic governance and representational systems.

Historical hierarchical systems and legitimacy arguments.

Right to rebellion and justified resistance to tyranny.

Protection of individual liberty and negative rights.

Value of tradition and gradualism in institutional change.

Collective ownership and redistribution of resources.

Rejection of coercive government as illegitimate.

Gender equality and critique of patriarchal systems.

National identity, sovereignty, and self-determination.

Managing diversity and cultural recognition in plural societies.

Fair distribution of goods, services, and opportunities.

Deserved punishment and proportionality in response to wrongs.

Repairing harm and restoring relationships with victims.

Inalienable rights inherent to human nature.

Universal rights applicable across all societies and cultures.

Freedom of speech, assembly, conscience, and expression.

Justification for private property and ownership rights.

Equal treatment and protection under law.

Balancing individual freedom with collective good.

Basic provision for vulnerable and disadvantaged.

Compensation for systemic injustice and historical harms.

Global justice and duties to humanity beyond borders.

Law governs all equally and constrains arbitrary power.

Law defined by rules and authoritative institutions.

Law grounded in moral principles and divine reason.

What law actually does in practice beyond formal rules.

Courts, police, and institutions for administering law.

When law is legitimate and binding on citizens.

Justified breaking of law to protest injustice.

Why agreements create binding moral and legal duties.

Legal frameworks for owning, transferring property.

Legal regulation of marriage, kinship, parental rights.

Mens rea, actus reus, culpability and criminal responsibility.

Fundamental law, checks and balances, limited government.

Origins of democracy and direct citizen participation.

Republican institutions and development of legal systems.

Medieval hierarchical organization and vassalage.

Rational critique of authority and natural rights emergence.

Founding principles and formation of constitutional democracy.

Radical transformation of political institutions and rights.

Economic transformation and changing political pressures.

Rise of national identities and territorial consolidation.

Expansion of European power and colonial domination.

Fascism, Nazism, Communism as totalizing systems.

Social movements for equality and representation.

United Nations and international order frameworks.

Authority structures and regulation in cyberspace.

Government monitoring and individual privacy rights.

Rights of displaced persons and border control.

Political responsibility for environmental protection.

Justice for historical and ongoing racial injustice.

Protection of workers and labor organization rights.

Corporate influence and public oversight.

Regulation of AI and algorithmic decision-making.

Government authority during public health crises.

Popular will versus constitutional limits and expertise.

Political implications of human enhancement technologies.

Digital public sphere and democratic discourse.